Sustainability Practices In The Turkish Construction Sector Environmental Sciences Essay

Abstract. The Turkish grammatical construction go bunch is the thirteenth largest in the universe in footings of exports and has demonstrated really high-pitched victimisation of 63 % in external projects. Katsarakis et Al ( 2007 ) split this bunch into ii parts and call them as the move- role domestic-only squ atomic number 18 up of put forwards and the higher choice world(prenominal) houses. On the domestic side, in that location be much than 30,000 active local houses ( TCA, 2009 ) . On the international houses side, there argon over 140 houses, 23 of which are among the 225 largest edifice companies universal in footings of abroad activities per ENR 2008 listing. This ground level of activity, peculiarly the international activity, places upon the Turkish create bunch a duty to imprimatur good running(a) conditions for all its employees and to play a polar parting in continuing the environment, extenuating bing polluted countries, salvaging congenital electi ons such as water system, energy and natural stuffs. This paper examines, by means of a literature survey, the current stage of sustain dexterity apprehension in the Turkish building vault of heaven. The survey concludes that the degree of sustainability apprehension and hence its feat is unstructured, bit-by-bit, and unfitting for the prima regional function that the Turkish building bunch will play. The paper concludes that a much than holistic attack is required, which will necessitate policy-making policy and larning from best pattern from opposite states and vastly increased instruction and preparation in the constructs of sustainability.Keywords bodily structure bunch, policy, scheme, Sustainability, bomb calorimeter1. IntroductionSustainability is more and more exit a rudimentary occupy of every person. It is a concern that has grown out of a wider justification that lifting nations and stinting suppuration are endangering a progressive debasement of the E arth s mental imagerys per CIOB ( 2009 ) . The building, care and custom of edifices perk up signifi elicitt jounce on our environment and are bring outly appending signifi tin cantly to irreversible alterations in the universe s clime, atmosphere and ecosystem.Endeavoring for sustainability is a uninterrupted procedure of alteration. The building labor is confronting ever-increa smatter demands to remediate its sustainability universe presentation. Sustainable development applies at the political and large economic degree to communities. The clients and s pissh obsolescenters of the building manufacturing demand overtures of its patterns and its public image. Karacay ( 2003 ) stated that the epoch of more labor-more ingestion is over and a great batch of accent should be to sustainability for uninterrupted sustainable economical growing and development.Sustainable building is a elbow room for the building persistence to travel towards satisfying sustainable devel opment, taking into history environmental, socio-economic and cultural issues. Specifically, it involves issues such as designing and focal point of edifices, stuffs and edifice public presentation, energy and resource ingestion within the larger orbit of urban development and direction.In this paper, sustainability of the fanny labor movements will be brookd on. Recent publications colligate to sustainable building in the context of Private Finance Initiative ( PFI ) route undertakings ( AkbAyAklA & A Eaton, ( 2009a and B ) ) and sustainable rear developments in the instance of Public-Private Partnership ( PPP ) ( Eaton & A AkbAyAklA , ( 2008 ) ) are available.2. SustainabilitySustainability, as stated by Werbach ( 2009 ) , is more than green it is concern agencies, above all, guaranting that the concern thrives in the long term and takes into history every holding of the concern environment. Sustainability is the concern with long-run profitableness. Sustainability ne eds a scheme behind that includes all the supply concatenation, sanction direction engagement and support and it relates all the concern organisation. We are in an epoch that the Nature and the remainder in the Nature that will govern and regulate the developments in our attention. We will be concerned more than of all time in the value adding in the building concern that will be a combination between sustainability ( social, economic, environmental and cultural ) , efficiency and effectivity. In Werbach s ( 2009 ) words, Until the 1980 s concern leading used the word sustainability to intend a company s ability to increase its net incomes steadily ( Werbach, 2009 ) .Sustainability represents the best technology attack of all the ack instanterledgment that no undertaking exists in a vacuity, just now in a societal and natural context that affects the undertaking and is affected by it in bend. If we take this holistic position of technology, which involves esteeming the na tural and human environment in the design, building and operation of our undertakings, we find clear- put off benefits in footings of quality, proficient inventions, and long-run societal, economic and environmental returns ( Tanal ( 2004 ) ) . Harmonizing to Werbach ( 2009 ) , a sustainable concern means a concern that can boom in the long term.Brundtland discipline ( 1987 ) , besides cognize as Our frequent Future, alerted the universe to the urgency of doing advancement toward economic development that could be sustained without consuming natural resources or harming the environment. The training was published by an international group of politicians, civil retainers and experts on the environment and development, and provided a cardinal statement on sustainable development specifying it as development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of succeeding(a) coevalss to run into their ain demands . The study besides suggested that equity, gr owing and environmental care are at the aforementioned(prenominal) time possible and that from each one state is capable of accomplishing its encompassing economic potency whilst at the same clip heightening its resource base.Furthermore, in the same survey it is reported that accomplishing the equity and sustainable growing would necessitate technological and societal alteration. In stead to this fact, Sage ( 1998 ) stated that sustainability necessitates the development of enlightened establishments and substructure and appropriate direction of hazards, uncertainnesss, and knowledge imperfectnesss to guarantee intergenerational equity, intergenerational equity, and preservation of the ability of Earth s natural systems to function world.As delineate by Chaharbaghi & A Willis ( 1999 ) and presented in a study on sustainability by FIEC ( 2005 ) , sustainable development is a construct based on a construction which stands on 3 pillars, viz. economic, societal and environmental . This inter-related model is shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1. Three pillars of sustainability ( Chaharbaghi & A Willis ( 1999 ) in Managing Knowledge in the place setting of Sustainable Construction ITcon Vol. 11 ( 2006 ) )3. The building industry and sustainabilitySustainable building can be defined as a building procedure which incorporates the staple fiber subjects of sustainable development ( Parkin ( 2000 ) , Chaharbaghi & A Willis ( 1999 ) , Sage ( 1998 ) ) . such building procedures would therefore convey environmental duty, societal ken, and economic profitableness aims to the bow in the beef up environment and installations for the wider community ( Langston & A Ding ( 2001 ) , Miyatake ( 1996 ) , Raynsford ( 2000 ) ) .Companies are the cardinal elements of modern economic life and they have an of minute function in conveying nigh the alterations needed for sustainable development. Harmonizing to Wilson ( 2003 ) corporate sustainability is a concern attack that creat es long term songholder value by encompassing chances and pull offing hazards deducing from economic, environmental and societal developments. While corporate sustainability recognizes that corporate growing and profitableness are of import it besides requires the commode to prosecute social ends, specifically those associating to sustainable development such as environmental protection, societal virtue and equity and economic development . Werbach ( 2009 ) argues that, if imagined and implemented to the integral, sustainability drives a bottom-line scheme to salvage costs, a top-line scheme to delineate a refreshed consumer base, and a endowment scheme to acquire, maintain, and develop originative employees.The three pillars or as named by Fiksel ( 2001 ) , the ternary underside line , economic prosperity and chance societal equity and quality of life and ecological resource saving represents sustainability as an organisational committedness to accomplishing competitory a dvantage through and through the strategical acceptance and development of ecologically and socially supportive production procedures, merchandises and services and advanced human resource direction patterns. ( Dunphy et al ( 2003 ) ) .For those organisations prosecuting sustainability, it is cardinal to their corporate schemes and a critical ingredient in how they assess their effectivity. A survey by Dunphy ( 2004 ) states that sustainability consequences from activities which extend the socially utile life of organisations,heighten the planet s ability to detainment and regenerate the viability of the biosphere and protect all life species,enhance society s ability to keep itself and to work out its major jobs,keep a nice degree of public assistance for present and future coevalss of humanity The building industry and the reinforced environment must be counted as deuce of the cardinal countries required to achieve a sustainable development in societies. It is a widely known fa ct that, the edifices are responsible for over 40 % of all the swash produced in the European Union.In developing and passage economic systems, building has a immense part to the Gross National point of intersection ( GDP ) scarce this has to be done in a more sustainable mode eon bettering the quality of life and making wealth. However, sustainable building adopts different precedences in different states. There are widely different positions and readings between developed and passage and developing states. The developed economic systems are in a place to give more be to making a more sustainable constructing demarcation by upgrading, by new developments or the usage of new advanced engineerings. All public procural should be do consistent with regimen policies for presenting sustainable development, most notably in footings of absquatulate minimisation, water efficiency, community regeneration and societal inclusion. In that sense, Private Finance Initiative ( PFI ) as an advanced procural path can play a cardinal function within the industry due to the have table of investing relate the greater easiness of act uponing the little figure of histrions involved and the carriage in which PFI contracts secure the long-run battle of contractors. However, sustainability considerations are non sufficiently embedded in the PFI procedure to guarantee consistent bringing, and success is extremely reliant on the motive and expertness of single public sector clients and private contractors ( Green Alliance ( 2004 ) ) .Sustainability within the building industry has no clearly settled commentary and no settled organic structure of bing pattern and procedures. The industry has to understand what sustainability is in its context and concentrate on creative activity, prolonging and airing of cognition for sustainable building across the multiple interest holders involved in building undertakings ( Shelbourn et al. , 2006 ) . Many building companies in the U K follow the authorities s aim for sustainable development which is economic growing and prosperity, effectual protection of the environment, careful usage of natural resources ( natural resource protection and environmental sweetening ) and societal advancement.The UK authorities has produced enterprises to title-holder sustainability within the building industry to accomplish sustainable development attach. Recent research plans such as Partners in Innovation ( PiI ) ( Shelbourn et al, ( 2006 ) ) and others have been funded to back up sustainability within the building industry ( Raynsford ( 2000 ) ) . The government activity Construction Clients Panel ( dwelling of representatives with duty for procurance for most authorities organic structures ) besides has a mark to accomplish sustainability in each undertaking. This enables the authorities to take a prima function, and showcase good pattern in advancing sustainable building ( DEFRA, ( 2004 ) ) .It is the writers contentio n that, every company in the building concern must hold a sustainability policy which will be developed and communicated within the organisation. Those policies can be Sustainability indemnity, environmental Policy, Health and Safety Policy and Sustainable Procurement Policy. The policy and rules of sustainability creates a sustainable development which is supported by a headphone sustainability scheme. The purpose of such schemes is to develop a common apprehension of the sustainability issues and present effectual and targeted attacks for each stakeholder to lend to accomplishing a more sustainable building industry. In guild to recognize all these policies and scheme it is suddenly infallible to hold a Board and Advisory Committee within the organisation that supports and commits to sustainability as a scheme and acts as a nexus between office and operational activities at site degree. Having set these tag fiting with the Government s sustainable development, building houses must put specific one-year marks for each concern unit and each building undertaking as a whole. After that each house must besides put for his undertakings and company a sustainability assessment standard which is linked to marks and Key Performance Indicators ( KPI s ) aligned with the concern scheme of the house. These are meant to be near periodic thoughts from the writers to the building houses that are likely to follow in execution of Sustainability Policy and Strategy in their organisations.The experiences from some taking UK building companies have shown that there are strong concern benefits for more sustainable building. As a successful instance Early Solutions Together Eastern time programme of Morgan-Est ( Part of Morgan Sindall ) and making Tomorrow a Better Topographic point programme of Carillion can be named as two good illustrations of sustainable thought and execution in the UK building industry ( Morgan-Est, 2009 Carillion, 2009 ) . Carillion is winner o f its category shell Green Company in the UK for medium to big houses set aparts in 2008 and Morgan-Est is the victor of Green Apple Award for Environmental Best Practice. This is besides demonstrated through research carried out by Sustainable Construction Task Group ( BRE ( 2001 ) , which concluded that there are clear advantages to be gained, but but if sustainability is delegate of a long-run concern program. This is reinforced by the Building Research Establishment, where research has concluded that abeing sustainable is every bit much to the highest degree efficient profit-orientated pattern and value for currency as it is about assisting the environmenta ( BRE piece ( 2002 ) ) . Such consequences have given the building industry an improved consciousness of sustainability issues. In 1999, around 150 quality of life indexs were produced to better the wellbeing of UK citizens ( Audit Commission ( 2002 ) ) . The industry has begun to acknowledge that monitoring and cov erage on sustainability is a critical ingredient of their concern. Cardinal Performance Indicators, Environmental Performance Indicators, and the acceptance of benchmarking have become progressively common topographic point, and many companies are now bring forthing environmental and sustainability studies, with corporate societal duty going common pattern ( Movement for Innovation, ( 2000 ) , CIRIA ( 2001, 2006 ) . babble out building in developing states, Ofori ( 2007 ) states that, an organized action should be taken to guarantee that the high volume of building that will be undertaken in the development states in the procedure of urbanisation in the slipway that are socially and ecologically impact of building. He stresses that this will necessitate a wide talks between authoritiess, building industry, academe and NGO s at national and international degrees towards the development and execution programs for sustainable building.4. Turkish building services bunchHarmonizing to Katsarakis et Al ( 2007 ) , the building services bunch in dud is the thirteenth largest in footings of exports and has demonstrated a compound one-year growing rate ( CAGR ) of 63 % for the period of 2002 2006 in international projects. While the building services bunch represents merely the 6 % of bomb calorimeter s gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) , together with all complementary and related industries, it close up accounts for 30 % of GDP harmonizing to the TCA ( 2009 ) records. Construction plays a important function in Turkey s economic system using about 1.4 million people which is about 5.5 % of Turkey s whole employment.Turkish building sector is chiefly composed of Small and Medium Enterprises. This composing is really similar to the European building sector. The building sector is chiefly a domestic sector and merely 4 % is international building. The European building industry excessively is composed of about 97 % of SME s. The bunch is divided into two groups t he lower-quality domestic-only set of houses and the higher choice international houses by Katsarakis et Al ( 2007 ) . These two groups portion some but non all bunch participants. On the domestic side, there are more than 30,000 active local houses. On the international side, there are over 140 houses registered to the Turkish Contractors Association, 23 of which are among the 225 largest building companies worldwide in footings of abroad activities ( ENR, Engineering News records ( 2008 ) ) . Harmonizing to a study on the web site of TCA about the Turkish Contracting in the International Market, in the last 36 old ages, up until the terminus of 2008, Turkish Contractors have undertaken about 5,000 undertakings in 70 states, with a combined value of some cxxx billion USD. Turkey ranks among the top 12 advertrs of edifice stuffs in the universe, with such merchandises as cement, glass, steel and ceramic tiles taking a prima function. Further detailed randomness is provided in a publication by Yapi Endustri Merkezi ( 2007 ) as follows sing the services of the building and the related industries,Turkey is the 11th largest manufacturer of steel in the universe and third-largest in Europe.Turkey ranks 6th in Europe and 15th in the universe in the production of articles of steel.Turkey is the universe s richest state in marble, with a 40 per centum portion of entire planetary militias.Turkey is the universe s 5th and 4th largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles and ceramic orthomolecular ware, severally.Turkey is among the top glass makers of the universe.Turkey is the 6th largest manufacturer of pigments in Europe.Turkey is the 3rd largest manufacturer of plastic doors and Windowss in Europe.There are 200 major technology confer withing companies in Turkey which are supplying 65 % of the proficient consultancy services realized in Turkey and 90 % of the consultancy services required by the Turkish houses abroad, harmonizing to the records of Association of Turk ish Consulting Engineers and Architects ( ATCEA ) presented at their web site. Their one-year turnover is about $ 350 million, and they employ about 5,000 people.5. Turkey s place on sustainable developmentBusiness link in corporate sustainability is turning in Turkey. Nemli ( 2009 ) investigated taking Turkish companies attack to corporate sustainability regarding,Their attitudes and attacks toward sustainability,Their chief patterns associating to environmental and societal sustainability,The grounds why companies adopted sustainability patterns,The grounds why companies have non adopted sustainability patterns andWhich companies produce environmental, societal or sustainability studies.Nemli s pre-research surveies showed that merely a few of these companies had formal sustainability schemes. Therefore an scrutiny of the sustainability patterns of these few companies would be more enlightening about sustainability in Turkey. The fact that there are so few companies prosecuting sustainability schemes in Turkey indicates that Turkish companies are at the beginning of sustainability execution in their concern. Nemli s research was related to the fabrication companies and none of the examined companies was involved in the building sector.Harmonizing to Turkey s National Report on Sustainable Development by Ministry of Environment ( 2002 ) and besides summarized in a survey made by Ozkan ( 2003 ) , most of the environmental statute law in Turkey has been affected during the past decennary. An general appraisal of the Turkish environmental statute law indicates that during the past two old ages, the construct of sustainability was clearly include in the Torahs and mandates put into consequence. The undermentioned ordinances are considered to be vitally of import,Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, whole hazardous Control Regulations,Hazardous Waste Control Regulations,Air Quality Control Regulations,Water contaminant Control Regulations,Waste Contr ol Regulations,Hazardous Waste Control Regulations.Furthermore, the Ministry of Environment is taking farther level-headed steps to forestall and command environmental pollution. In this respect, the bing statute law is being reviewed as portion of the attempts to harmonise them with EU statute law. It is anticipated that this measure will lend well towards accomplishing the ends for sustainable development.Turkey had been prosecuting policies in the countries of energy efficiency and environmentally sound engineerings, every bit good as industrial pollution control.A To accomplish sustainable energy development and energy efficiency, the Government had been beef uping attempts to develop and hold safe engineerings, advancing research and development for appropriate methodological analysiss, raising public consciousness of the issues, and meter environmental impacts ( Alkin ( 2006 ) ) .AHarmonizing to the National Report on Sustainable Development 2002, during the past few old ag es at that place has been an addition in industrial preparation plans related to work safety, environmental direction systems, quality confidence, and in-service preparation. These plans have been initiated by the Union of Chambers of Commerce and intentness, stock exchanges, Small and Medium Industry Development Organization ( KOSGEB ) , the Quality Association ( KALDER ) , universities, and research establishments ( Ozkan, ( 2003 ) ) .Recycling of edifice stuffs is a really new construct in Turkey. It is merely after the lay waste toing temblor of 1999 in the Marmara part, that some attending has been paid to the huge sum of constructing dust accumulated from the collapsed and dismantled edifices. Waste recycling is recommended and encouraged by the Turkish Ministry of Environment ( Ozkan, ( 2003 ) ) .The Regulations for solid waste disposal go so far as to order that recycled stuffs should be preferred to new 1s. However, the waste referred to in the ordinances belongs to indust rial procedures or boxing merely. Harmonizing to the National Report on Sustainability, Waste direction is one of the major constituents of the execution of the sustainability rules. Industrial waste direction requires that wastes caused by industry, production and services be managed for the protection of environmental and human wellness by cut down the loss of natural stuffs used in fabrication. Reducing the sum of waste at the beginning, waste retrieval and recycling, every bit good as implementing appropriate waste disposal techniques are among the basic constituents of sustainable development. ( Ministry of Environment, 2002 )Harmonizing to Turkey s National Report on Sustainable Development ( 2002 ) , the type of industrial waste in Turkey as a underdeveloped state, is non much different from the type of waste encountered in the developed states of the universe. In order to quantify the sum and composing of industrial waste and to look into the support environmental jobs ca used Turkish Statistical Institute ( TUIK ) and assorted local authoritiess and industrial organisations ( Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, nautical Trade and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey, Chambers of Industry of Istanbul and Kocaeli ) have conducted independent surveies to develop industrial waste stock lists for the period of 1991-1995. Although the industrial waste stock lists of the fabrication sector for 1994-1997, prepared by the TUIK, did non cover the full phase of the moon state, it is the lone legitimate waste stock list informations bank that exists in Turkey. Besides the Industrial Waste Statistics of TUIK, the Ministry of Environment has besides concluded a elaborate industrial waste stock list undertaking in 2002, which encompasses the Marmara, the Mediterranean, and the Western Anatolia Regions ( Ozkan, 2003 ) .Waste generated by the building industry has non been accounted for in the statistics for industrial or family wastes. Since information for waste pr oduced or disposed by the building industry has non been collected by any of these bureaus, the impact of waste from building industries is besides non known. Esin and Cosgun ( 2007 ) argue that retrieving of building waste is non yet prevailing in Turkey. The primary quill environmental concern should be the pr matterion/reduction of the coevals of building waste.Sing the sum of waste generated, Turkey declared in the 9th quintette Year Development Plan that the primary mark for master solid waste is the decrease of the sum of waste generated ( State Planning Organization ( SPO ) , ( 2006 ) ) . One of the basic rules of the said Development Plan is Natural resources, cultural assets and the environment will be protected sing the hereafter coevalss, every bit good . The study furthermore underscores the Turkish State s finding and will sing the sustainability in resource use in following diction Rapid population growing and industrialisation continue to be of import factors e ndangering sustainable usage of natural resources. The uncertainnesss about the indebtedness and authorization distribution among establishments, for the sustainable usage of natural resources while protecting the environment without adversely impacting the production procedure, could non be adequately eliminated ( Item 159, p.38 ) and More efficient production and less waste will be achieved by increasing the effectivity in natural stuff usage with the execution of environment well-disposed techniques in industry ( Item 463, p.87 ) .6. DiscussionTurkey has a strong building sector which can easy be considered as a regional leader in quality building and building stuffs. From the literature study it is evident that Turkey s building industry s sustainability place is non to the full structured yet. A few writers indicate that Turkish companies are at the beginning of implementing policies for sustainability. A study done by Turk ( 2009 ) studies that out 68 companies which are members of TCA surveyed had revealed that merely 28 of them had ISO-14001 enfranchisement.The prevailing governmental sustainability cover in Turkey is dated to 2002. Sustainability is a path that all building industries must travel through. This necessitates the industry to alter their concern scheme and organisational constructions and civilizations. This is a long-run and uninterrupted procedure that needs alteration and variate of the sustainability attack to make competitory advantage over other challengers in the industry.Global challenges associated with sustainable development are multifaceted, affecting economic, societal, and environmental concerns. These challenges have deductions for virtually every facet of a building house s scheme and concern theoretical account. Most directors frame sustainable development non as a multidimensional chance, but instead as a unidimensional job, affecting ordinances, added cost, and liability.The jobs of stuff ingestion, waste, and po llution associated with industrialisation nowadays an chance for houses to lower cost through the development of accomplishments and capablenesss in pollution bar and eco-efficiency. Investings made to protect the environment or as portion of societal duty were seen as investings that increase the overall costs and diminish fiscal return. Clean engineerings are normally more efficient therefore cut downing emanations and increasing productiveness. Reducing natural stuff usage and increasing recycling and recovery can cut down production costs. There are chances for cost nest eggs that may non go evident even though the benefits accrue straight to the company, until the company is motivated either by ordinance or concerns to better sustainability public presentation to analyze ways of turn toing these jobs and to put in the necessary research ( Nemli, ( 2009 ) ) .The companies committedness to corporate societal duty and overall repute may be an of import motivation factor for its c urrent and prospective employees. There is besides an insurance value associated with repute. In the event of a job, a company with a good repute can bring on more supportive responses from stakeholders. Output extends beyond organisational boundaries to include the full merchandise life cycle-from natural stuff entree, through production procedures, to merchandise usage and disposal of spent merchandises. Output therefore involves incorporating the desire of the stakeholder into concern procedures through extended interaction with external parties such as providers, clients, regulators, communities, non-governmental organisations, and the media. As such, it offers a manner to both lower environmental impacts across the value concatenation and enhance legitimacy and repute by affecting stakeholders in the behavior of ongoing operations. ( Hart et Al ( 2003 ) ) .The industry and the disposal have to develop a macro policy which will incorporate societal, economical and environmental policies needed to accomplish a sustainable development of the Turkish building industry as a whole. A holistic sustainability policy covering the full building bunch does non be in Turkey yet. The industry needs to make a political organizational organic structure which is compatible with the demands of sustainable development and which is compatible with similar organisations across the universe. For case, The UK Government s scheme for more sustainable building ( DETR, 2000 ) suggests cardinal factors for action by the building industry by widening the basic subjects. These include design for minimal waste thin building belittle energy in building and usage make non foul preserve and enhance biodiversity conserve urine resources respect people and local environment and put marks, proctor and study, in order to benchmark public presentation ( Raynsford ( 2000 ) , Langston & A Ding ( 2001 ) , Miyatake ( 1996 ) ) . These could every bit use to Turkey.Advanced experiments fr om good illustrations in other states can be adapted to the constitutions of the Turkish building sustainable development attempt. The sector requires more living to build sustainable undertakings due to the current higher monetary value of stuffs, substructure costs and the land-use ratio. It is expected, nevertheless, that the high cost of sustainable building will worsen in line with a rise in the figure of such undertakings. Many clients and end-users are going witting of the sensitive state of affairs of the environment, and are demoing an increasing penchant for buying sustainable terminal merchandises. For illustration, sustainable lodging reduces operational costs and H2O use, and offers improved security. Meanwhile, lodging investors, though willing to establish nature-sensitive undertakings, are hesitating about the hereafter of the sustainable lodging sector given the high costs associated with it.Sustainable development is one of the most dandy issues which are emphasi zed in the Turkey. National Environment Strategy and Action Plan prepared in order to accommodate to the societal and economic state of affairss in Turkey. In the Turkish National Report ( 2002 ) , it is emphasized that in order to sum up the current state of affairs, it has benefited from the Environment subdivision of the 9th Five Year Development Plan ( 2007-2013 ) increased sensitiveness to the demand for a clean environment.Although the environment is a moderately of import issue in Turkey, it has some advantages and disadvantages in respects to environment and sustainable development. The advantages are as stated by TUBITAK ( 2003 ) ,Our natural resources non being on the whole polluted,The increasing consciousness of the environment in particular among the immature population,The adequateness of scientific and proficient human resources who can work in this field make it favoured in respects of accomplishing sustainable development.The disadvantages of Turkey in this field are,In malice of non being wholly polluted, their is go oning pollution of natural resources,Making usage of natural resources related to an investing for environmental betterment without taking attention of the set purposes,Not maintaining a record of information and informations consistently related to environment,selective information which are recorded holding no criterion in footings of informations aggregation, confirmation, rating and transforming into information.In relation to development programs and sustainable development in Turkish metropoliss, Ercoskun ( 2005 ) argues that the current development programs of metropoliss do non see urban individualization and ecological values and the regional programs do non see infinites between edifices, clime, illuming, way, air circulation, natural energy, etc. , turn out the Turkish metropoliss to be unsustainable. Furthermore, she states that planning is one of the chief tools in Turkish sustainable development and cerebrate that the Turkish planning system ( Development Plans, Laws and Applications ) has to be challenged from the sustainability point of position.Supplying sustainable development is non merely limited to direction of natural resources, providing equipment or commanding them. Persons should carry through their responsibilities as responsible citizens in order to accomplish sustainable development with respects of environmental protection. Therefore, it is imperative that persons be taught the topic of sustainable development get downing in primary school, every bit good as doing them advised of the environment.

Bathroom and Rituals

Nacirema HR 582 Managing Global Diversity Patsy A. Shepherd March 22, 2012 In organic structure Ritual Among the Nacirema, Horace Miner writes about(predicate) the strange rituals that people do in America. While reading the humbug I was almost fooled, but as read further I realized the spoof of Nacirema Nacirema is Ameri eject spelled backwards and the references in the myth ar the backward strange American everyday rituals. Miners word usage made it obvious it was estimable a myth, words like magical, fascination, bewitched, and mythology gave it away.Miner portrays Americans as a tribe that go through their daily invigoration by performing painful and needed rituals to their bodies. It is non obvious at the beginning of the case study that the tribe Miner is talking about is American people. The rituals they perform mainly focus on the human body, and if Americans skip these rituals we will incur a awesome society of individuals. (Miner disguises the bathroom as a cleanin g shut in, the medicine chest as the major doohickey in the shrine and the hair on a stick as a toothbrush.He describes the shrine as a private and secret place where cleansing and makeup rituals take place. The box and the chest have charms and potions from the medicine men). Harvey, C & Allard, J (2005) Understanding and Managing Diversity readings, cases and exercises Pearson Prentice Hall 4th edition p. 19 Rituals are ceremonies and most rituals have a purpose. In my observation of Nacirema I neediness to know wherefore the tribe conducts these types rituals. How are the rituals performed? Where are the rituals performed?Tribal rituals play a large part of everyday carriage in the Nacirema and American culture. Rituals are what we do on a regular basis, repeated over fourth dimension that which bring people together shared thoughts and loyalty. Many of the events that occur in day to day life in Nacirema are just past down customs, rituals, and beliefs. Many of our custom s are a belief system past down from generation to generation. So their customs, rituals, and beliefs, are their basis of structure for their entire village, and society. We cant live without customs, rituals, and beliefs.Without customs, beliefs, and rituals, the people of Nacirema have no explanation for living, or being on Earth. Without customs, in that location is no reason for doing anything we do. Customs stem from our beliefs, so we have to believe in something. While spending time in Nacirema I realized we have some of the same customs and beliefs. Naciremas shrine with a box or chest in the wall is just a bathroom with a medicine cabinet. Small bundles of hog hairs and certain magical powers are simply toothbrushes and toothpaste. Holy Mouth work force are Dentist.Highly formalized series of gestures is the art of brushing teeth. The box and the chest have charms and potions from the medicine men are doctors writing the prescriptions we keep in our medicine cabinets. Dur ing my fieldwork in Nacirema from December 2011 to February 2012, I concentrated on investigating the main principles governing Naciremas culture. I did my research before arriving in the village, so I didnt quite know what to expect. I was quite anxious so I interviewed the tribe individually, I asked each individual to tell me what happens in Nacirema on a typical day?How do you sapidity about me being here? What can you tell me about how Nacirema developed? What do you think should be different, if anything? Also give me just a little background on Nacirema as far as government policies, tourism, business opportunities, and brief me on customs. After my interview session, I learned that these crude rituals are just a sequence of daily activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed on a daily basis. These daily activities are no different from the daily activities that individuals in America perform on a daily basis.Most individuals spend a lot of time in the bathro om bathing, brushing their teeth, applying makeup, and combing their hair. Would this be considered a ritual? Of fertilise not to me or you its just our daily routine. This routine was passed down from my parents to me and to my children the art of hygiene. My three months of fieldwork in Nacirema was no different from my day to day in America, I actually over stayed my welcome, but I didnt want to rush my process. I wanted my evaluations to be honest and I also didnt want my personal opinions or issues to cloud my judgment.In conclusion I found that Nacirema myths are truths in America. (Notgnishaw, the Pa-To-Mac, and the cherry corner with the Spirit of Truth mean America lies between Canada and Mexico. The Ancient Code/Secret Language true(p) meaning refers to the joke that a doctors handwriting is illegible, particularly on prescriptions. An Herbalist is just a Pharmacist. Ritual ablution of the mouth for children true meaning describes cleaning their mouths out with soap if they say something wrong. hands scraping and lacerating the surface of the face with a sharp instrument is shaving.Women bake their heads in small ovens for about an hour is an old-fashioned hair dryer at a beauty salon. Latipsoh true meaning is a hospital. Thaumaturge and group of vestal maidens are Doctor and nurses. A magic wand in the supplicants mouth is a Thermometer. A listener is the local Psychologist. The sociological standpoint is that culture is based on rituals and that each culture defines its reality and acceptable behavior and chooses its authorities by rituals). Miner, Horace Body Ritual Among the Nacirema. Retrieved from http//www. westminster. edu/ staff/brennie/wpgroup4/brotn. html on March 20, 2012

Karma in Bhagavad-Gita and Shakuntala Essay

In _Bhagavad- Gita_, dharma and karma are two controlling forces of the net destinies of the muckle to stay on and conserve the Hindu social order. Arjuna, the protagonist, is torn between two choices, either to practice his dharma for the emancipation of the olf dissembleion or to fight against his kin that would probably result to evil karma. He belongs to a cause position in the Hindu social order because of his birth and occupation, making him locked up from the supposed ultimate freedom (Mack, 1995). The dharma of Arjuna complicates his status in the social hierarchy thus makes him doubtful in acting his duties and responsibilities both as a Hindu warrior and a kin. He may have the control over his spirit and he may choose to receive a good karma, only his dharma contradicts and requires him to somehow disobey his self.In addition, according to Krishna, if he will withdraw from action, it is thus an act of self-delusion and the renunciation of moral and social responsib ility. Krishna verbalise that he Arjuna must learn to endure fleeting things- they come and go (2nd teaching 14). He is convert him to fight the battle (2nd 18) and so if he has courage, he is fit for immortality (2nd 15). He is al ways reminding him that his dharma requires him to fight.He adds, No one exists for even an instant without performing action however unwilling, every being is forced to act by the qualities of record (3rd 5). Arjunas hesitation may be valid in some points still it is orderly since it is human nature. He is overcome by doubts because he does not wish to be nefarious of the death of his kin, but Krishna tell him that actions imprisons the world unless it is done as sacrifice freed from bail bond, Arjuna, perform action as sacrifice (3rd 9).From the philosophies of Krishna mentioned above, it can be scrutinized that an individual in the Indian society must not sound off that performing dharma can be immoral once it may result to evil karma, but earli er internalize that when performing deeds, always perform with detachment any action you mustdo performing action with detachment, one achieves supreme good (3rd 19). They are not ruling dharma and karma, but they govern to preserve the world (3rd 25)._Shakuntala_ also portrays a strong Hindu society and Hinduism. There is sadness and melancholy refer equal to dharma and karma but the ultimate destinies are well-controlled. Hinduism may provide sufficient free will to man but it does not permit him grappling from the moral ambiguities that may lead to tragedy (Yohannan, 1994).Shakunta was punished because she did not able to perform her religious duties. As what Priyamvada told the King, Shakuntala has been engaged in the practiced of religious duties but because of her fascination and attachment to the King, she forgot her dharma for the first time, leading her to suffer evil consequences (karma). Priyamvada told her assumption to Anasuya when they were in the garden of the hermi tage and said I fear a terrible misfortune has occurred.Sakoontala, from absence of mind, must have offended some guest whom she was terminal point to treat with respect. Shakuntala is the daughter of the hermit leader and a Brahman so she really has to perform her religious duties new(prenominal)wise she will disobey the norm. Nevertheless, she is not destined to be forever shattered and missed she must gain back what and who she deserves to have, and that is to be united with the King.Through the presentation of the fate of the characters, we can swan that Hinduism still favors people as long as they keep their faith and deeds according to it.For the straits _how can be both paradoxical and at the same time complementary, Shakuntala_ and _Bhagavad- Gita_ have their own ways of portraying an Indian society and its religion. In _Bhagavad- Gita,_ Krishna is really the personal and true-existing (though appeared in a different form) adviser who keeps on reminding and convincing Arjuna to perform his dharma otherwise a great consequence might happen. Arjuna tends to remain in his humanness nature but his dharma tries to desolate him from his morality,so there is his friend charioteer (Krishna) who keeps on warning him by teaching philosophies. He is overcome by his morality by killing his own kin. On the other hand, Shakuntala has not been warned before she committed such sacred crime. She was more overcome by the humanness nature that she tends to forget her dharma. Her emotions desolate her, so as punishment, her own fault kills the chance to be loved by the King.Because of their social status in the society, their dharma becomes more demanding and regulating. Both show a pleasurable sense of life story and their religion guides them not to end up tragically. Both value knowledge as means to salvation and liberation. In _Shakuntala,_ the trial which she brings upon herself matures her in the knowledge of love and prepares her for the life which she is destined to live (Yohannan, 1994). In _Bhagavad- Gita_, knowledge is obscured (3rd 39), therefore Krishna tells Arjuna that kill this evil that wins knowledge and judgment (3rd 41) because knowing the self beyond understanding scram the self with the self (3rd43)

Shadows of Night: The Fear of a Child

In Annie Dillards book, An American Child chapter two describes the misgiving she had as a child, of the night shadows that would appear on her walls. Dillard was five years old and shared a bedroom with her little sister Amy, who was two at the time. When Dillard describes her little sister sleeping, I can telecasting her clearly in my mind. Dillard writes even at two she composed herself attractively with her sheet folded tidily, under her outstretched arm, her head laid lightly on an unwrinkled pillow, her thick curls spread evenly. (21) Another wonderful drill of her descriptive writing is when she is telling of the thing that she is so afraid of at night in her bedroom. Dillard states that, the anathemise thing entered the room by flattening itself against the open door and sliding in. It was transparent, luminous oblong I could teach the door whiten at its touch. (21) This thing that Dillard also refers to as it also had sounds of a rising yell (21) as it moved across he r walls.Dillard finally figured out that her thing was a passing railroad car whose windshield reflected the corner streetlight outside. (21) It wasnt until she was outside one day, that she heard the familiar sound that she hears at night when the thing appears on her walls. Dillards writing shows how the human mind and imagination can hyperbolise even the simplest things, until we can see in front of us what the true reality is.

Purple Hibiscus

Symbols within violet Hibiscus Ben Redman The novel color Hibiscus, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, is a romance of a girl revealing to find her own representative and announce out against her violent oppressive come. The novel is set in post-colonial Nigeria, in a time in which the government was run by a military dictatorship. There are a number of symbols apply to help develop ideas of the novel the three most p ablaze(p)ominant ones being regalness and tearing hibiscuses and mamas figurines.The ruby hibiscuses are symbolic of the violence and bloodshed in Kambilis life whereas the purple hibiscuses symbolize independence, defiance and the courage to utter out. The figurines are symbolic of mammas submissive office and denial of the violence in her station. These symbols help to develop one of the main themes of releaseundantdom vs. oppression. The color red also adds to the symbolism of the red hibiscuses. Red is a color which is often associated with anger, vio lence and bloodshed. These are perpetu allyy recurring motifs in the novel with her start outs reign of terror over the family.Red is the color that seems to haunt Kambili, eer since the startle when she had to clean up her mothers blood, after the father ab employ and cause her to have a miss carriage. For a long time after the horrific incident, Kambili could not concentrate on anything but the red throw and the narrow lines of blood which hold together the images of her dead baby brother and her badly beaten mother. The red hibiscuses that are planted in the garden of the familys dental plate in Enugu suggest the familys oppression, as it is entirely with Papas violence that he keeps them under his control.Kambili, shows major changes byout the stage in her confidence and personality by gaining a contribution. Kambili is an extremely shy girl because of she lives with the constant terror that her father reigns down on her, the father has scared Kambili to the point wh ere she cannot even think for herself. Adicihie shows Kambilis transformation mainly using dialogue and inseparable monologue, these changes Kambili do in herself where crucial in the story because they explained how she hears to break unload from her fanatical father.At the counterbalance of the novel Kambili is comprehend by her fellow class mates and peers to be stuck up and different because the students knew Kambili came from money and power, and thought she was ignoring them because perchance she thought she was better than everyone else. When in fact her silence and awkwardness is due to the fact that her father has gamy her self esteem so badly by showing oppressive parenting techniques. Her transition from silence to a full speaking girl is the most obvious change in the novel and it is what progresses the plot.Like I mentioned sooner the red hibiscuses planted at their home symbolizes the fathers terrible ways, and the power he has over the home. The red plants sh owed cop dominance over the household to the point where any of Kambilis thoughts or emotions where showed to reader through actions or intragroup monologue. The tho time she would ever really speak was to mimic her fathers preaching God bequeath receive us, in her repeated efforts to gain approval of her treacherous father. However some light begins to show during her nonplus in Nsukka.Before Kambili and Jaja went to squelch with their aunt in Nsukka, they have never seen purple hibiscuses originally. Purple hibiscuses in this story represents liberty, defiance and courage to speak out. This is very symbolic as it is that during their visit to their aunts home where they learn what true freedom is. Kambilis internal monologue beings to show signs of branching away from her silence and gaining a voice of her own. At first we see her struggling to break the silence as if she is scared that her father go forth find out somehow.She was described censoring herself from talki ng back to her cousin Amaka because she is smart mouthed and that she might be upset with Kambili herself. The first time Kambili truly spoke with thoughts of her own was when her beloved Father Amadi asked her why she is so quiet and why she hasnt asked a question all night. Kambili was puzzled because no one has ever came to her and asked her to speak on something other than religious matters. What she said was You dont have to shout, Amaka I dont whop how to do the orah leaves, but you can show me. Before this, they had have it offn notwithstanding of Papas violence, his hurt love and his oppressive, dictator-like control. Purple is a color that is often associated with royalty but also self-expression. This is important, as it is only through expressing oneself and speaking out against oppressors can freedom truly be achieved. We also learn that it is only through experimentation that gardeners can create the rare purple hibiscus. This emphasizes the fact that Kambili and Ja ja take their first doubtful steps of speaking out and defying their fathers tyrannical rule.The purple hibiscuses that grow at aunty Ifeomas house in Nsukka are described as in the novel as rare fragrant, with undertones of freedom. These flowers are the most important symbols in the story as they are what represent Kambilis transformation. When the kids returned back to their low-down home Jaja brought some cuttings of the purple hibiscuss and hid them in fridge, to give him and Kambili a sense of security and protection from their father.He was xenophobic however that papa would find them and confiscate them, therefore almost crushing his rebellion. The contrast between the purple and red hibiscuses also is a large symbolic tool Adachi uses. The purple showing love, warmth, laughter and free expression what they experience in Nsukka, while red representing the constant fear they live under. Jaja bringing home the flowers brings inspiration to strive for freedom within their ow n home.Purple HibiscusSymbols within Purple Hibiscus Ben Redman The novel Purple Hibiscus, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, is a story of a girl learning to find her own voice and speak out against her violent oppressive father. The novel is set in post-colonial Nigeria, in a time in which the government was run by a military dictatorship. There are a number of symbols used to help develop ideas of the novel the three most predominant ones being purple and red hibiscuses and Mamas figurines.The red hibiscuses are symbolic of the violence and bloodshed in Kambilis life whereas the purple hibiscuses symbolize freedom, defiance and the courage to speak out. The figurines are symbolic of Mamas submissive quotation and denial of the violence in her home. These symbols help to develop one of the main themes of freedom vs. oppression. The color red also adds to the symbolism of the red hibiscuses. Red is a color which is often associated with anger, violence and bloodshed. These are all recur ring motifs in the novel with her fathers reign of terror over the family.Red is the color that seems to haunt Kambili, ever since the beginning when she had to clean up her mothers blood, after the father abused and cause her to have a miss carriage. For a long time after the horrific incident, Kambili could not concentrate on anything but the red mix up and the narrow lines of blood which hold together the images of her dead baby brother and her badly beaten mother. The red hibiscuses that are planted in the garden of the familys home in Enugu suggest the familys oppression, as it is only through Papas violence that he keeps them under his control.Kambili, shows major changes throughout the story in her confidence and personality by gaining a voice. Kambili is an extremely shy girl because of she lives with the constant terror that her father reigns down on her, the father has scared Kambili to the point where she cannot even think for herself. Adicihie shows Kambilis transformat ion mainly using dialogue and internal monologue, these changes Kambili make in herself where crucial in the story because they explained how she learns to break free from her fanatical father.At the beginning of the novel Kambili is perceived by her fellow class mates and peers to be stuck up and different because the students knew Kambili came from money and power, and thought she was ignoring them because peradventure she thought she was better than everyone else. When in fact her silence and awkwardness is due to the fact that her father has gimpy her self esteem so badly by showing oppressive parenting techniques. Her transition from silence to a full speaking girl is the most obvious change in the novel and it is what progresses the plot.Like I mentioned before the red hibiscuses planted at their home symbolizes the fathers terrible ways, and the power he has over the home. The red plants showed apprehend dominance over the household to the point where any of Kambilis thoug hts or emotions where showed to reader through actions or internal monologue. The only time she would ever really speak was to mimic her fathers preaching God will deliver us, in her repeated efforts to gain approval of her treacherous father. However some light begins to show during her stay in Nsukka.Before Kambili and Jaja went to stay with their aunt in Nsukka, they have never seen purple hibiscuses before. Purple hibiscuses in this story represents freedom, defiance and courage to speak out. This is very symbolic as it is only during their visit to their aunts home where they learn what true freedom is. Kambilis internal monologue beings to show signs of branching away from her silence and gaining a voice of her own. At first we see her struggling to break the silence as if she is scared that her father will find out somehow.She was described censoring herself from talking back to her cousin Amaka because she is smart mouthed and that she might be upset with Kambili herself. Th e first time Kambili truly spoke with thoughts of her own was when her beloved Father Amadi asked her why she is so quiet and why she hasnt asked a question all night. Kambili was puzzled because no one has ever came to her and asked her to speak on something other than religious matters. What she said was You dont have to shout, Amaka I dont know how to do the orah leaves, but you can show me. Before this, they had known only of Papas violence, his annoyance love and his oppressive, dictator-like control. Purple is a color that is often associated with royalty but also self-expression. This is important, as it is only through expressing oneself and speaking out against oppressors can freedom truly be achieved. We also learn that it is only through experimentation that gardeners can create the rare purple hibiscus. This emphasizes the fact that Kambili and Jaja take their first conditional steps of speaking out and defying their fathers tyrannical rule.The purple hibiscuses that g row at auntie Ifeomas house in Nsukka are described as in the novel as rare fragrant, with undertones of freedom. These flowers are the most important symbols in the story as they are what represent Kambilis transformation. When the kids returned back to their ridiculous home Jaja brought some cuttings of the purple hibiscuss and hid them in fridge, to give him and Kambili a sense of security and protection from their father.He was horror-struck however that papa would find them and confiscate them, therefore almost crushing his rebellion. The contrast between the purple and red hibiscuses also is a large symbolic tool Adachi uses. The purple showing love, warmth, laughter and free expression what they experience in Nsukka, while red representing the constant fear they live under. Jaja bringing home the flowers brings inspiration to strive for freedom within their own home.

I don't have one Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I dont have one - Research Paper ExampleFor instance, in the manuscript, the narrator (a depressed woman) seems to be distress from a certain mental disorder. However, it is evident that her position regarding her own health is overlooked. Therefore, in this view, this document exit look into Gilmans short story, and thereby analyze the role of women in the earlier part of the 1800. close societies, including the developed nations had a negative attitude towards women. This is evidently supported by Gilmans work. In the 1800, women did non have any rights to express their ideas even in matters regarding their health (physical, as well as psychological). As a result, decision-making process was a preserve of the men, who the women considered superior. In fact, the society expected women to be exceptionally amenable to their maintains, and be an assistant to their husbands instead of complaining about petty matters. This is ironical, since the challenges facing the women are not trivial and constitute to their daily sufferings.Moreover, the society overlooks women sufferings as mere pretences. Moreover, Gilman emphasizes that men had the sole responsibility of determining the tip of women sufferings, and thereby determine whether it required attention or not. For instance, the narrator, (the woman) is suffering from an extremely serious nervous disorder. However, the husband ignores this and even claims that she is not sick. Moreover, the society supports this, since it is evident that they (family and associates) also believe in the husbands lieu concerning the narrators health. Besides, despite their predicaments, women are not supposed to complain.Besides, women readiness have better ideas that might improve the health. Gilman depicts the narrator as having better ways to boost her health. She even claims to disagree with their idea of unyielding her to work, since this might boost her health. However, she cannot put

Critical Analysis of a Project Business Case Essay

Critical Analysis of a Project Business Case - Essay mannequinA barter case is used to present the strategies and evaluate the alternatives associated with the project plan. To critically analyze the business case regarding the proposal of Affordable Housing for internal Workers in Port Hedland town in occidental Australia, the business case can be looked into with an aim of reflecting on the goals and objectives of the business case as proposed, the reasonable opportunities and scopes that the case effectively addresses, evaluate the costs and benefits as proposed in the business case and identify the miscellaneous economic, legal and non- economic benefits as well as the strategies and risks involved in the business case report. likewise the business case should be analyzed critically to understand the level of alignment that it has with the vision and objectives of the boldness undertaking the project. The rationale for developing the business plan and the risk factors and benefits of implementing the alternatives should also be critically evaluated. backdrop Port Hedland is located in Western Australia on the coastal region of Pilbara region. Due to the presence of a natural harbour, the area has developed as a service centre hub for many industries like specious mining and pearling. In 1960, large iron ore deposits were discovered in Pilbara which drove major changes in the townscape with developments in the construction of railway lines, harbours, accommodation and some other facilities for the increase number of mining workers and their families moving into the town. Since then, Port Hedland sawing machine major investments towards resource projects which established Port Hedland as a prominent administration and service hub. In the on-line(prenominal) scenario, Port Hedland has a huge service population constituting of more than 20,000 full time workers and near 3000 hour based workers. This is referred to in Appendix 1. The accommodation of the rapidly expanding work population has become a major challenge for the town (Government of Western Australia, 2012). The Western Australian Government has become much centre towards improving the living standards and qualities in port Hedland and turning the metropolis into a modern and diverse city with several facilities, infrastructure and services being provided for the population in Port Hedland. The Analysis The greatest challenges for the organization of Port Hedland are to develop sufficient infrastructure, land and housing to match the accelerated and unpredictable growth in the population and service workers number (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). The business plan for Affordable Housing for Essential Workers in Port Hedland town can be analyzed to be in alignment with the current developments in the town area. The region is experiencing huge demand from the resource boom and has to particularly focus on the land and infrastructure projects to match up w ith the current and the future growth trends in the town. There are extensive plans made for Port Hedland city growth plan to offset the complex development, infrastructure and preparation constraints. The business case under study is streamlined with the requirement of more developed infrastructure, housing facilities and other amenities to make the economy more diversified. The economic outlook in the town of Port Hedland looks faultless for new business investments particularly in the housing