Thesis of Library System - 5258 Words

AUTOMATED RECORD LIBRARY SYSTEM OF EMAR LEARNING CENTER: A SYSTEM PROPOSAL A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Intercity College of Science and Technology J.P Laurel St, Davao City In Partial Fulfillment To the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Submitted by: Rovilyn P. Abadia ABSTRACT This study entitled â€Å"Automated Record Library System of EMAR Learning Center† is about presenting a system that aims to automate the manual library record system of EMAR Learning Center. The automation aims to reduce the process of record keeping and increase the efficiency of the current system. Furthermore, it also sought to determine the benefit that school can get from using the system in terms of speed,†¦show more content†¦Statement of the Problem The study proposed a record library system of EMAR Learning Center. Specifically, it answers the following problem: * What system is an appropriate replacement for using borrower’s cards? * How to lessen the time spent on processing the returned books? * What is an effective and efficient system on recording newly acquired books and to locate which section a specific book belongs to within the library? Objectives of the Study The goal of the study is to develop an automated record library system for EMAR Learning Center and help the school satisfy its needs and ease the burden of the manual system. Specifically, it aims to answer the following problems: * There’s no need to use a library card or borrower’s card in order to borrow books from the library because this system will provide a form that student will fill-up with name and ID number. * This system will provide search tool that will be used in locating student’s form. By this, it will be easier to identify what books and when these books are being borrowed * This system provide a search tool to make easy in recording the new incoming books and to identify what section the book belong to. Significance of the Study The study is very significant to the following: * To the librarian in terms of manageable record of booksShow MoreRelatedLibrary System Thesis5136 Words   |  21 PagesFIRST TECHNICAL CAREER INSTITUTE San Juan, Taytay Rizal Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design: A case in Library System By: John Michael P. Concepcion Submitted to: Mr. Dominic Sales i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Dominic Sales   who has supported me thoughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge. And for allowing the use of ComputerRead MoreThesis Documentation of Library System2535 Words   |  11 PagesIN INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SYSTEMS Rationale The design of the existing MLS curriculum was last revised in 1986. It was based on the old/traditional way of library operations. Recent developments in technology have however radically changed the format of information sources, the way of seeking, accessing and delivering information and of the learning styles. It has also brought about the existence of other alternative information providers serving as competitors of the library in the informationRead MoreThesis and Research Paper on Computerized Library System2057 Words   |  9 PagesComputerized Library System Introduction Schools set the various pedagogical changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Because of the growing numbers of computer users, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional searching process for the books in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the library system. Background and Problem Statement In the aim of the universitiesRead MoreFinding Research Related To Emerging Topics Related To1005 Words   |  5 Pageswith numerous sub-specialities in the field. Many emerging topics in IT examined using many resources are critical. Highlighting personal knowledge in network security, software implementation, integration of health information systems and laboratory information systems, together with data conversion, and personal interest in hacking present numerous areas of research investigation. The key is using well-defined word searches to bring up significantly related topic articles. Essentially, when enteringRead MoreRecommended Procedure For Essay Writing1244 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion: Read the essay questions carefully, underlining key words, and considering carefully what the lecturer is really asking for in the essay. Pay attention to words like ‘describe’, ‘evaluate’, ‘critically analyze’ and so on. †¢ Gather data: Use the library and the internet judiciously to supplement your lecture and tutorial notes. Do not overload on data- large quantities of information can be difficult to organize. †¢ Brain storm: The data you have gathered needs to be processed in a way thatRead MoreThe Unified Modeling Language ( Uml )1386 Words   |  6 Pagesits fourteen various diagram types, is a standard notation for the modeling of real-world objects as a first step in developing an object-oriented design method. Although a lot of semantics in the UML, we can widely describe in the more details the system that will be developed, but we cannot make sure the correctness and consistency of the designed model. Therefore, it is important to reduce the error from verifying user model in the early phase, When those errors are discovered early in the designRead MoreInvestigation Of Criminal Justice And Corrections1539 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal justice has been a passion of mine for many years. It wasn’t until recently that I decided to go back to school to obtain my master’s degree in criminal justice. I have chosen to focus on the field of corrections in the cr iminal justice system. I want to make a difference and help those individuals that need help once being released from a prison setting. There are so many different aspects of criminal justice and it is hard to focus on only one. Corrections is a great place to startRead MoreOrganic Farming is a Sustainable System of Agriculture1793 Words   |  7 Pages THESIS STATEMENT: Research suggests that organic farming is a sustainable system of agriculture because it builds a toxin free biologically diverse ecosystem, controls soil erosion, and enhances the quality of air and water by reducing the hazardous chemicals. Annotation: Source-1: Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations (n.d.). Environmental benefits of organic agriculture. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq6/en/ This source isRead MoreUse Of The Handheld Camera And The Rise Of The Black Tourist Social Class Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesArmstead has an extensive notes section located at the end of the article and credible sources such as the Howard University Archives and the New York Public Library are used. Armstead’s article is helpful to my research for my prospectus because it connects the rise of the black tourist class with black consumerism. Armstead’s overall thesis is to better understand the black tourism class and how the development of the handheld camera led to the documentation of their travels. Chideya’s articleRead MoreChapter 5 Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesemergency response system to public broadcasting of their efforts, they offer assistance to those who need it in the form of public aid. I may account for any of these variations because FEMA is an important bureaucracy that ensure that emergency protocols are follow to protect my friends and family. It is important to educate yourself on their response system should there be a natural disaster. 4. What is â€Å"McDonaldization?† What are its characteristics? Do you agree with this thesis?  Why or why not

Conjugations for the French Verb Prier To Pray, or Ask

Conjugating French verbs  like prier—which means to pray or in some cases to beg, to ask, or to request—can be difficult. But the job is made immeasurably easier because its a  regular verb. For example, to conjugate any -ER verb in the present tense in French, you remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate endings. The tables below show  how to conjugate prier  in the present, future, imperfect, and past participle tenses, as well as the subjunctive, conditional, simple imperfect, and imperative  moods. After the tables, a subsequent section provides examples of how to use prier  in a sentence or phrase, followed by the English translation for each use. Conjugating Prier Present Future Imperfect Present participle je prie prierai priais priant tu pries prieras priais il prie priera priait nous prions prierons priions Past participle vous priez prierez priiez pri ils prient prieront priaient Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je prie prierais priai priasse tu pries prierais prias priasses il prie prierait pria prit nous priions prierions primes priassions vous priiez prieriez prites priassiez ils prient prieraient prirent priassent Imperative tu prie nous prions vous priez Using Prier in a   Sentence Reverso Dictionary, an online language-translation site, gives this example of prier  in a sentence: Les Grecs priaient Dionysos, which transelates as:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The Greeks prayed to  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Dionysos. Using the table above, youll notice this is the form of prier in the  French imperfect tense.  The French imperfect—also called  imparfait—is a descriptive  past tense, which indicates an ongoing state of being or a repeated or incomplete action. The beginning and end of the state of being or action are not indicated, and the imperfect is very often translated in English as was or was ___-ing. In this case, the Greeks presumably prayed to Dionysis, the Greek god of wine and revelry, on a regular basis—not just once. Since the reader doesnt know when the Greeks began praying to this god, and when they finished, the imperfect is the proper tense. To Ask or to Beg Sometimes  prier  can mean to ask or to beg. It can be helpful to view examples of how this verb is used in a sentence or even a phrase. This example of  prier  from Reverso Dictionary shows how to use the verb when its meaning is to ask. prier quelquun de faire quelque chose, which transelates as: to ask somebody to do something​ You can also use  prier  to mean beg, such as in this example: Je vous en prie, ne me laissez pas seule. This translates into English literally as: Dont leave me alone, I beg you. However, in conversational English, this sentence would more likely be translated as: Please do not leave me alone. Using the table, youll see that this conjugation—je  prie—could be the present tense and/or the  subjunctive  mood. In French, the subjunctive  mood  expresses subjectivity and unreality. It is used with actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will or wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity, and judgment. In this case, the speaker is asking or begging, someone else not to leave her alone. It is uncertain whether the other person will stay with the speaker. (The speaker would not be making this request if she knew the answer.) Thus, the subjunctive,  je prie, is the appropriate conjugation.

The United States Department Of Agriculture Essay

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers food assistance programs that help provide food for low to no income families. It is their goal to increase food security and reduce hunger by increasing access to food, a healthful diet, and nutrition education for low-income Americans (Caswell, 2013, para. 1). Some of the current nutrition assistance programs include â€Å"the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)†(Caswell, 2013, para. 1). SNAP will be the primary nutrition assistance program of the paper at hand. No matter how morally good it is to try to help reduce hunger and increase food security within the United States, there are still many questions regarding issues with SNAP. This paper will be discussing why there is such a strong support for the program, how it helps the United States as a whole, problems with the program, and why some people are against SN AP. The modern program was established as part of the War on Poverty in the 1960s but has undergone mass changed since then (Edin, 2014). One being that the government gives out electronic debit cards, rather than stamps, for buying food. Since 2008, the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program has become the largest food assistance program in the U.S. It serves greater than 45 million people in the U.S and is a critical safety net program for health and nutrition in the U.S (The History of SNAP, para.Show MoreRelatedUnited States Department Of Agriculture1732 Words   |  7 Pagesdone by USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), it was found out that in America the average daily calorie intake per person is 2700 which has increased by 24.5 percent or about 530 calories between 1970 and 2000 [usda.gov]. This is a reflection of the growing demand in the food industry in the last decade. To cater to such high demand is particularly very challenging especially with the growi ng consumption rate. According to another survey done by the food science department of Purdue UniversityRead MoreUnited States Department Of Agriculture3559 Words   |  15 Pageslifestyle, which consequently has led to a decline in overall health. Studies show the American overweight and obese community has increased greatly over the past 30 years.1 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is a federal department responsible for the legislating of government policy on all aspects of agriculture, including farming and food. Public health professionals debate the root of unhealthy lifestyles and work together to combat nutrition choices and nutrition related illnessesRead MoreOrganic Food : The United States Department Of Agriculture753 Words   |  4 Pages The United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) defines the term organic as:â€Å"... a labeling term that indicates that the food or other agricultural product has been produced through approved methods † (â⠂¬Å"Consumer Information,† 2014, para. 1). In fact, consumers have become aware about food quality, and this has increased the sales of organic foods. According to The Organic Trade Association (2011), organic food sales have been identified as the largest growth segment in U.S. agriculture, withRead MoreLow Income Residents : The United States Department Of Agriculture1420 Words   |  6 Pageshealthy food items are commonly known as â€Å"food deserts†. Definitions of this term may very but the phrase was first used in 1990 by researchers in the United Kingdom. â€Å"Food deserts† became a popular word in the United States by 2003 to describe certain areas of Mississippi that were nowhere near supermarkets. The United States Department of Agriculture recognized â€Å"food deserts† as regions with very little access to affordable and nutritious foods, predominantly communities with low incomes. The purposeRead MoreGenetically Modified Food : The United State Department Of Agriculture1064 Words   |  5 PagesAs a scientist from the United State Department of Agriculture, I would recommend the adoption of the GM corn being provided by the US. Genetically modified crops are a breakthrough technology as they accelerate the breeding of crops and make crop production more efficient. I will like to highlight the focus on the issue of safety of the GM corn. The ‘anti-GM faction’ has tried to suggest that GM corn is not safe for human consumption, but I will prove that the GM corn is perfectly safe for humanRead MoreMalnutrition Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesand a few snacks in between, is how most of us live. It’s hard for us to imagine what its like for those who go days eating very little or nothing at all. But unfortunately that’s how it is for most of the world and surprisingly it happens in the United Sates as well. There are many reasons malnutrition can happen, and it happens to every age group. Ev en though there are many ways to treat it, in the end, malnutrition can cause life long problems. So, what exactly is malnutrition, what causesRead MoreChild Hunger And Food Insecurity1469 Words   |  6 Pageswhile a nationwide problem, is highest for children living in southern states. Tennessee children experience significant food insecurity. Proper child nutrition is essential to proper health and development. In order for children to maintain focus, achieve productivity and physical strength, they need adequate. Food Nutrition Services (FNS) administers food reimbursement programs through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The objective for FNS is to provide access to nutritious foodsRead MoreRegulatory Issues Impacting Development of an Emergency Preparedness and Management Plan1573 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences can mean diverse regulations and standards that must be incorporated into the Emergency Preparedness and Management Plan. Compliance must be achieved when developing the plan. Regulations and standards are written and enforced by several st ate and federal agencies (Dunlap, n.d.). Some of these agencies include the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Each of these regulatory agenciesRead MoreEssay about Obesity is a Problem in America: The Documentary Food Inc.547 Words   |  3 Pages The United States have been facing a problem of obesity for quite some time now. And no matter how far we dig into this problem, we will find many reasons for the cause. In today’s society, politicians are inclined to take this issue serious because it is now affecting our children on a large scale. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1 in 3 adolescents between the ages of 6 and 19 are overweight. Many believe this to be a problem of poor eating habits and inRead MoreOhio s Strongest Economic Industry1276 Words   |  6 Pages Ohio’s strongest economic industry is Agribu siness. Through agriculture, Ohio farmers have rooted a connection throughout the globe in feeding and supplying resources needed in life each day. Since the 1800’s native Ohioans have relied on agriculture not only for a source of nourishment but as a means of making a living. Ohio s original settlers, the Native Americans, supported themselves through farming. â€Å"The Indians grew corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, multi-colored Indian corn, numerous

Causes of Environmental Problems free essay sample

The Earth is our home and where we live. But these years, more and more problems are coming to destroy our mother land, such as political factors, wars, and environmental problems. The environmental problems such as overpopulation, use of fossil fuels or nuclear energy and deforestation are getting more and more grim, and harmful to the earth. The air pollution and water pollution has obviously become two of the most serious problems in the world. Air pollution is the major problem in the world. In modern life, a great deal of energy is needed to run the the factories of industrial nations. Autos, trains, and planes, are modes of our daily transportation that also uses energy at the same time they burn fuels, produce wastes, and some of which remain in the air. Cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories and causes air pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Environmental Problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I read a piece of news recently. It said that in Japan, many businessmen are selling fresh air to customers, and now it is becoming more and more popular. Why? Fresh air is becoming less and less in Japan and around the world. Just like the air, water is also a source of life. Water pollution has also become a big problem in the world. People can’t live without water. Some of our factories are polluting the waters. Rivers all over the world are becoming polluted with garbage and dangerous chemicals. Ships also contribute to the problem because they rely on rivers for disposing of wastes. Oil and other chemicals can kill fish and make water unsafe for drinking. Many fish are dying. More and more aquatic organisms are disappearing from the world. Some polluted waters are even hurting people. Also, trees on the hills have been cut down; so waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. In conclusion, air pollution and water pollution are become serious problems in the world. We should find a solution to these problems. I think the governments of all countries are supposed to formulate rules and regulations to deal with the pollution problems. The people should be more aware of the environmental problems and be more conscientious about caring for the environment. I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our lives will become better and better.

Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window Essay Example

Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window Paper It is a diary of the author named Outsets Groaning who also has a lovely nickname Toto-chain. The word diary maybe not as exact as the one memoirs because she wrote this book base on her memory since she was a child. Call her Toto-chain (it Is much easier than reading her full name). Reading this book makes me admire her a lot although at that time she was only a little girl. If you read this book I bet you will be surprised a lot because of her thought and behavior. How simple and mature (Included Immature) she Is. Let have a read and see the way she treated everyone around her, the way she faced and reflected all the events In that period. Everything was described with the simple words Like a story of a primary- girl, but they are very attractive and you can easily Image the whole picture of Japan at that time. Toothache was an active and clever child. She could spend several hours to tell her favorite stories or to play anything she loved to. We will write a custom essay sample on Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Toothache was expelled from her first primary school because she always made noise to be paid attention, she liked to do everything herself naturally (of course every teachers Hough that was wrong and Toto-chain was out of rule). Toots;-chain moved to the new primary one named Tome Gangue where she met Mr.. Sickbays, an admirable headmaster. At that time, Mr.. Sickbays was said to be a model teacher because of his strange education method (of course he was going on the right way but not too many parents believed in his program so that Tome had only fifty pupils). He spent a lot of time to go to many countries all over the world to study and find the most suitable method to apply in his country, his school. He knew that teaching children in primary level was synonymous with showing them how to improve their good heartsickness. At school Tome, all of the pupils were never offered doing something strictly. Mr.. Sickbays created the best condition for them to express themselves naturally. No subjects were forced, children completely could study whatever they want. The teachers work was helping them when they need. Toto-chain and other pupils In Tome all loved the headmaster with a bald head. Toto-chain had the strong Impression on Mr.. Sickbays because on the 1st day she moved to this school, he was the only one sitting in nearly 4 hours to hear all her analogical stories no louts could be patient like that. School Tome Gangue was built by the old railroad cars. If I were a child at the same time with Toto-chain, I would Like to study In this special school. Looking at Tome, It realized everyone a train moving In the autumn sunshine, It satisfied the curiousness of the pupils and excited their creation. Toto- chain was a little girl, everything happened around her was realized with a simple mind. She always took care on everyone around her, from her family, her classmates, even her chickens, her dog Rocky by a simple way but moving. Each pupil in Tome ad a tree to watered, Toothache had one and she loved to climb on the tree and see so far away to image Osaka city. Yashmak-chain was a disable children who was one of the Toothaches classmates. He was paralytic and could not move easily. Rearing ten part wanly scarred lotto-can Nellie Yashmak-can to calms on near tree, to show him Where was Osaka city? was very touching (This book has only 60 short parts. And in part 56, Yashmak-chain died because of his disease. In part 59, Toto-chain lost Rocky, a dog, a close friend of her. I hate these parts of looses >

Installing PHP on Linux

Installing PHP on Linux It can be really helpful to have PHP installed on your home computer. Especially if youre still learning. So today Im going to walk you through how to do so on a PC with linux. First things first, youre going to need Apache to be installed already. 1. Download Apache, this will assume you download the latest version as of this publication, which is 2.4.3. If you use a different one, be sure to change the commands below (since we use the name of the file). 2. Move this to your src folder, at / usr/local/src, and run the following commands, which will un archive the zipped source, in a shell: cd /usr/local/srcgzip -d httpd-2.4.3.tar.bz2tar xvf httpd-2.4.3.tarcd httpd-2.4.3 3. The following command is semi-optional. If you dont mind the default options, which installs it to /usr/local/apache2, you can skip to step 4. If youre interested as to what can be customized, then run this command: ./configure help This will give you a list of the options you can change for when it installs. 4. This will install Apache: ./configure enable-somakemake install Note: if you get an error that says something like this: configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH, then you need to install a C compiler. This probably wont happen, but if it does, Google install gcc on [insert your brand of linux] 5. Yay! Now you can start up and test Apache: cd /usr/local/apache2/bin./apachectl start Then point your browser to http://local-host and it should tell you It Works! Note: if you changed where Apache installed, you should adjust the above cd command accordingly. Now that you have Apache installed, you can install and test PHP! Again, this assumes youre downloading a certain file, which is a certain version of PHP. And again, this is the latest stable release as of writing this. That file is named php-5.4.9.tar.bz2 1. Download php-5.4.9.tar.bz2 from www.php.net/downloads.php and again place it in your /usr/local/src then run the following commands: cd /usr/local/srcbzip2 -d php-5.4.9.tar.bz2tar xvf php-5.4.9.tarcd php-5.4.9 2. Again, this step is semi-optional as it deals with configuring php before you install it. So, if you want to customize the installation, or see how you can customize it: ./configure help 3. The next commands actually install PHP, with the default apache install location of /usr/local/apache2: ./configure with-apxs2/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxsmakemake installcp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini 4. Open the file /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf and add the following text: SetHandler application/x-httpd-php Then while in that file make sure it has a line that says LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so 5. Now you will want to restart apache and verify that php is installed and woking correctly: /usr/local/bin/apache2/apachectl restart No make a file called test.php in your /usr/local/apache2/htdocs folder with the following line in it: phpinfo(); ? Now point your favorite internet browser at http://local-host/test.php and it should tell you all about your working php installation.

Equity Premium Puzzle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Equity Premium Puzzle - Essay Example Equity premium is meant to cushion stock investors against the risk of losing their investment portfolios (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 195). However, variations in gain between government bonds and stocks are quite vast and yet government bonds also bear some risk especially the risk associated with inflation (Ben-Haim, 2006). People invest their money to benefit from the gain in the value of their assets. However, many people continue to invest in government bonds where there is such small gain than in stock. This has resulted to a dilemma to the economists who have been unable to understand why many people still prefer government bonds despite the huge returns in stocks as compared to bonds (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 192). The investment decision is influenced b perceived risk, investors’ ability to bear risk, investment period, investor satisfaction and utility behaviour. As stated earlier equity premium is the difference in gains between stocks and risk-free assets such as governments’ bond or security bills. The government bonds are believed to bear no risk while ordinary stocks are rated as the most risky venture (Glyn, 2006, p.153). Due to this perception of risk, many people opt to invest their money in government securities where they have guarantee for small gains rather than investing in stocks with prospect for enormous gains but bearing vast risk. Equity premiums are meant to shield investors against enormous threat associated with the perceived loss on investment in the stocks (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 195). This variation is too huge hence economists have never come into consensus as to why people continue to invest in government bonds which normally have low yields compared the stocks. The economists have assumed that investors must have immense risk evading attitude (Ben-Haim, 2006). This is because in the real sense people would invest in stocks which have higher probability for gigantic returns than gains in bonds value. Ho wever, since people would want to keep away from risk of any form, they opt to invest in bonds where they have a better chance to gain than in stocks. The economists have also doubted whether stocks truly bear any equity premium, and whether the real gain from the investment reveal value equivalent to the equity premium (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 193). If this is true then what makes investors fail to invest in stocks which bear gigantic equity risk premiums? The investors’ decisions on what type portfolio they should purchase are either influenced by personal factors or market factors (Ben-Haim, 2006). This has also raised concern over the existence of equity premium puzzle. In Siegel and Thaler (1997, p. 193), the dilemma regarding the investor’s decisions could only be a matter of individual taste and preference which cannot be influenced by the market conditions. This difference in gains between risk-free bonds and stocks investments is explained by economists us ing economic yardstick replica (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 192). To determine this variation economists use â€Å"standard equilibrium model† in which the individual’s willingness to utilize resources vary from one period to another, when the risk deterrence attitude remains unaffected The gauge used in this approach is the comparative risk deterrence factor named A. Therefore, the hypothesis was that a decline in utility by 1% should result to an increase in marginal value of the income of the