Examining class differences Essay

(a)Explain briefly what is meant by the term elaborated speech code . Elaborate speech code is usually associated with middle-class, sanitary educated people. It uses a wide variety of vocabulary, is more context based, uses grammatically complex sentences, communicates abstract ideas and is mostly context-free.(b)Identify three policies that governments have introduced to compensate for material and ethnical disadvantage, apart from Educational Priority Areas. Compensatory education is a policy designed in order to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation, by providing resources to communities as good as schools in deprive beas. An example of a compensatory education programme is Operation Head Start in the United States, which is one of the best cognize examples of such programmes. Operation Head Start focuses on pre-school planned enrichment education in poorer areas, which was introduced in the 1960s. Their aim was to develop childrens learning skills and instil deed moti vation. This included tasks such as setting up nursery classes, home visits by health visitors and educational psychologists, improving parenting skills and the creation of intensive learning programmes for deprived children.Sesame Street, the popular TV programme, was initially created as part of Head Start, in order to reach young children and reflecting the values and attitudes contracted for educational triumph such as the importance of general knowledge, literacy and numeracy. In the UK, there have been several compensatory education programmes over the years, such as the Education Priority Areas that were created in the 1960s, Education Action Zones, which were introduced in the 1960s, and more recently, with the launch in 2000, comes Sure Start. Sure Start is a nationwide programme aimed at pre-school children as sanitary as their parents.However, it also has non-educational aims, such as improving childrens health. Sure Start was introduced by the British Government in or der to tackle poorness and social exclusion. The centres available provide integrated education, family support, support with parental employment, care and health services. Sure Starts main aim is to work with parents to move on the physical, intellectual, educational and social development of babies and young children, particularly those who are disadvantaged.(c)Outline some of the ways in which material deprivation whitethorn affect educational achievement. square deprivation is a lack of resources and necessities needed to live a basic lifestyle, such as an adequate diet, housing, clothing, or in some cases, the money to be able to buy these things. Material deprivation potty affect educational achievement as the result of the lack of these necessities. Children in education will need financial support from their parents/carers in order to pursue a sufficient education however disadvantaged families cannot afford educational aids. As well as that, families living in poverty w hitethorn have limited space in their home.This leads to overcrowding, which means there is nowhere for the child to study. Also, this could lead to illness, depending on the kingdom and cleanliness of the house. For example, dampness can cause a variety of illnesses, which leads to absence at school, therefore, lessening the childs chance of a successful education. Some parents may force their children to leave school early and pursue a career in order to provide extra income for the family.(d)Using material from Item A (source) and elsewhere, evaluate the view that working class children under-achieve because they are culturally deprived. The idea that working-class children will most likely under-achieve due to a lack of culture, also cognise as cultural deprivation, refers to children lacking the norms, values, beliefs, skills and knowledge that a society would regard as important and necessary. The attributes that these children should know and learn are, in most cases, taug ht by their parents and are passed to the next generation through socialisation. All children are socialised differently, and the social class of the parent has a huge impact on the child and may affect their achievement in education.According to the cultural deprivation theory, some working-class parents fail to communicate and instil the appropriate norms, values, beliefs, skills and knowledge needed for educational success. However, there are other factors that can determine how well a child does within education. For example, material deprivation, cultural capital and economic capital can also have an impact on how well some children will attain, therefore cultural deprivation is not the only factor and may not be the most important reason to why working-class children under-achieve.